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Kadua tryblium

(D.R.Herbst & W.L.Wagner) W.L.Wagner & Lorence (2005)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Scandent shrubs.

Stems: Stems glabrous, sometimes rooting where in contact with ground, up to 5 m long, few–branched, arcuate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblong–elliptic to elliptic or narrowly elliptic, slightly asymmetrical, 13–22 cm long, 3–7.5 cm wide. Apex long–acuminate or sometimes attenuate. Base cuneate or sometimes attenuate. Surfaces glabrous, green on upper surface; lower surfaces pale green and irregularly marked with purple or brownish purple areas, coriaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins strongly ascending, only slightly arcuate, higher order venation obscure, evident veins few. Petioles 1.8–5.5 cm long, upper surface ragged, appearing grooved as a result of the stipular scars. Stipules membranous, completely adnate to petioles to form a cup 25–40 mm high that collects water and debris, quickly becoming ripped along petiole margins as stem and leaves elongate, caducous by second or third node, apex abruptly acuminate, prolonged into a thinly fleshy mucro 7–9 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in dense, axillary thyrsoid inflorescences, peduncles 1–12 mm long, pedicels 1–2 mm long, bracts connate, ovate, 6–10 mm long; hypanthium turbinate, 1.5–2 mm long. Flowers insect-pollinated, heterostylous, apparently bisexual (perfect) or functionally pistillate. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes ovate, 2–3 mm long, margins fimbriolate. Corolla yellowish green, the tube tinged reddish purple, fleshy, funnelform, slightly dimorphic, 4-5-lobed, those of short–styled flowers bulging at the throat due to underlying anthers, those of long–styled flowers scarcely bulging, the tube 6.5–9 mm long, the limb abruptly expanded from tube in bud, strongly quadrangular, the lobes broadly ovate, 2.5–3 mm long, apex with a minute appendage. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted on corolla lobe; anthers fertile in short–styled flowers, sterile in long–styled flowers, dithecal, opening by logitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, glabrous, 2-lobed, the lobes firmly appressed together in short-syled flowers, exserted and spreading in long-styled flowers; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; subglobose; 4–5 mm in diameter when dry; indehiscent. Seeds dark brown; irregularly shaped; minutely papillose; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare on steep slopes of the windward (eastern) and less commonly leeward side of Mount Kāhili; along Wahiawa Stream; and one population just below upper rim of Kalalau Valley; Kaua'i.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Bot. 30: 832 (2005)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1155 (K [as Hedyotis tryblium]); Terrell et al. 2005:832/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (COMBNOV, Syn. H. tryblium = K. tryblium)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Large scadent shrub with arcuate stems; sometimes rooting where they touch the ground. Leaves whitish-green on lower surface; corolla lobes yellowish green, tube tinged purplish red; lobes with a minute appendage. Wagner, W.L. 5700 Kauai BISH 1986-11-01
2 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In the bottom of a wet gulch in partial shade, below an Ohi/Olapa Forest on the ridges above, with Ohia/Uluhe Fern Forest on the surrounding st Dicranopteris linearis, Metrosideros polymorpha, Broussaisia arguta, Antidesma platyphyllum, Cibotium, Sadleria, Freycinebia arborea, Pipturus ruber, Perrottetia sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen A robust stemmed sprawling and scandent liana, freely branching growing up and climbing throught the surrounding Uluhe and other nearby trees up to 3 m tall. Leaves clustered towards tips of branches, extremely glossy adaxially with some secondary beins impressed and visible on abexial surface. Large membranous stipules. Lat/Long: 22.192961, -159.606035 Williams, A.M. 204 Kauai BISH 2015-12-02
3 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Scandant shrub; stems up to ca. 5 m long. Wagner, W.L. 5387 Kauai BISH 1984-05-28
4 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Ca. 4 m tall with serveral stems (one up to 7 m long) sprawling (one into stream for several m) short-style form setting fruit; other stem snaking prostrate through forest. Wagner, W.L. 6290 Kauai BISH 1989-11-21
5 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small shrub. Flynn, T.W. Kauai BISH 1985-11-07
6 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicrantopteris montane wet forest & riparian vegetation w/ Cheirodendron spp, Ilex anomala, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Syzygium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardioides Preserved_Specimen Shrub, scandent branched, 4 m long, stems green, w/ immature and mature fruit, ca. 5 plants. Wood, K.R. 17306 Kauai BISH 2017-03-28
7 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Waiahi south branch, north of Kamooloa, headwaters. Open wind- swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages and patches of low forest 4-7 (-10) m tall, 90-95% cover. Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron interpersed with Psychotria, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, ferns os Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Sphenomeris, Selaginella, Pneuma Preserved_Specimen shrubs, 2-3 m tall, flower and early fruit, common Wood, K.R. 14415 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
8 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated wet forest with Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Cyanea, and Antidesma with Rubus, Psidium, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen Sprawing shrub growing up through Boehmeria; leaves dark green above with whitish midvein, below whitish-green with pale green midvein; calyx pale green; corolla pale green. Flynn, T.W. 4796 Kauai BISH 1991-09-04
9 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest W/ Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea Kahiliensis, weeds: Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with flowers. Perlman, S. 23743 Kauai BISH 2013-11-19
10 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest w/ Diplopterygium pinnatum, Dryopteris unidentata var. paleacea, Scaevola procera, Pritchardia perlmanii, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Syzygium sandwicensis, Melicope wawrana, Bro Preserved_Specimen Shrub, diffuse branched, spreading 4 m, well branched, in flower and early fruit, ca. 6 individuals, single colony observed, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17164 Kauai BISH 2016-10-25
11 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details partially closed canopy; Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Sadleria, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Erigeron karvinskianus, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, sprawling; lanceolate leaves, conspicuous venation; broad stipules adfoing petioles of penultimate leaves Trauernicht, C. 466 Kauai BISH 2008-04-22
12 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Along stream bank. Preserved_Specimen Scandant shrub, stems 3-4 m long. Wagner, W.L. 6014 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
13 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, sprawling, 6 ft tall, Dia 1-1/2. 10' spread, diam 1.5. Flowers white and purple. Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
14 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros - Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Antidesma, Psychotria, Broussaisia, Wikstroemia, Ilex, Pritchardia, Melicope feddei, Melicope paniculata, Sadleria, Myrsine lessertiana, Hedyotis foggiana, Astelia, Smilax, Cyanea recta, Cheirodendron, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen Sprawling plants, about 10 plants seen here, with flower and fruit; more plants seen in valley. Perlman, S. 16174 Kauai BISH 1998-02-05
15 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha wet cliff Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centrathoides, Erigeron karvinskianus, Cyathea cooperi weeds: Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Few patches with fruit, 2-3 meter ht. Perlman, S. 23580 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
16 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, sprawling, 6 ft tall, Dia 1-1/2. 10' spread, diam 1.5. Flowers white and purple. Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
17 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha -- Docranopteris linearis wet forest. W/ Machaerina angustifolia, Pritchardia flynnii, Bidens forbesii, Antidesma platyphylla, Cheirodendron trigynum, Bobea elatior, Ilex, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cyanea fissa, weeds: Cyathea cooperi, Psidiu. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 5 meter ht with flowers. Perlman, S. 23668 Kauai BISH 2013-08-28
18 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Large sprawling shrub along drainage area. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling shrub. Leaves dark green above, glossy, whitish green below with prominent veins. Corolla lobes four, yellow green, tube tinged red. Flynn, T.W. 1234 Kauai BISH 1985-09-11
19 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details hanging valley Riparian veg Metrosideros- Sadleria Cyanea fissa, Urera glabra, Freycinetia, Dubautia knudsenii, Cibotium, Touchardia, Pipturus, Machaerina angustifolia, Sadleria cyathioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Australian Preserved_Specimen Several scattered shrubs, 2 meter ht with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 24788 Kauai BISH 2016-01-07
20 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At base of rock cliff in rainforest with Metrosideros, Gouldia terminalis, Psychotria, Touchardia latifolia & Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrub; stem sparingly branched, arcuate, up to ca. 6 m long; corolla lobes 4, yellow-green, tube tinged purple Herbst, D.R. 2834 Kauai BISH 1972-10-18
21 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopteryglum and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottettia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria marinana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen Shrub, with long diffuse branches, stems brown-green or with reddish tinge, in early flower, corolla green-yellow, sometimes with purple margin on lobes, exterior of tube tinged purple, 5 plants in immediate area near stram bank, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17979 Kauai BISH 2018-11-15
22 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros- Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Gunnera, Anoectochilus, Cyanea, Pipturus, Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Scandant 4 m long shrub; in flower and fruit; occasional in area. Wood, K.R. 2364 Kauai BISH 1993-02-09
23 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopteryglum and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottettia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria marinana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen Shrub, with long diffuse branches, stems brown-green or with reddish tinge, in early flower, corolla green-yellow, sometimes with purple margin o lobes, exterior of tube tinged purple, 10 plants in immediate area near stream bank, mapped Wood, K.R. 17978 Kauai BISH 2018-11-15
24 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium, Sticherus, and Dicranopteris w/ Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. Hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, K. tryblium, Bobea elatior Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrub, 4-6 m long, young fruit K.R. Wood 19698 Kauai BISH 2025-01-16
25 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed lowland wet forest with riparian vegatation w/ antidesmia platyphylla, mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. wawraeana, Broussaisia arguta, Crytandra kealiae urc. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, scandent in surrounding vegatation, in flower, corolla light green, parts often tinged purple-pink, 10 plants in immediate area. Wood, K.R. 18804 Kauai BISH 2021-08-10
26 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Riparian vegetation with moderate to steep slopes 70-89% cover. Canopy dominated by Metrosideros, 8-12 m, or Aleurites, 8-10 m with abundant understory of Psidium guyjava, w/Pisonia umbellifera, Ilex, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, steeper open slopes with Preserved_Specimen lax shrub to 3 m tall, side branches ascending, leaves dark glossy green above with white-yellow nerves, white below, mature fruit turning purple, common Wood, K.R. 13458 Kauai BISH 2009-01-29
27 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ridges of shrubland-fernland dissected by small drainages & patches of forest w/ Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron, interspersed with species of Psychotria, Broussaisia Polyscias, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Dubautia, ferns of Dicranopteris, S Preserved_Specimen Shrub, few-branched, 3 m, diffuse and scandent, single shrub, in early fruit, Wood, K.R. 17786 Kauai BISH 2018-01-29
28 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Native wet-mesic forest in West stream drainage. In highly disturbed site at base of large landslide. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Perrotettia, Dicranopteris linearis, Lobelia hypoleuca, Machaerina ssp, Scaevola spp, Kadua tryblium, Phylostegia sp, Buddleia asiatica, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub, 2-3 m long. Glossy leaves, deep green above, white underneath. Stipules attached to leaf petioles at apical leaf pairs, Corolla tubes light red. Trauernicht, C. 576 Kauai BISH 2008-10-02
29 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, sprawling, 6 ft tall, Dia 1-1/2. 10' spread, diam 1.5. Flowers white and purple. Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
30 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Elfin cloud forest dominated by Metrosideros spp., Pelea, and Labordia, interspersed with open bog areas severely damaged by pigs and dominated by Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Arching shrub of 10 ft. Sterile. Flynn, T.W. 3047 Kauai BISH 1988-06-18
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